Dramatic Difference in Expected Yields between Corn, Soybeans, and Cotton for Area-Based Insurance Products
Both the House and Senate Reconciliation Bills include provisions to encourage the purchase of the Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO). Since 2015 when SCO was first offered, actual county-level yields of corn and soybeans in the Midwest have been above expected yields in most years, implying a continuation of historical increases in yield and lower expectations for indemnities. On the other hand, actual county-level yields have been below expected yields for the majority of years for cotton.
2024 County Corn and Soybean Yields from the Risk Management Agency
The RMA recently released county yields for the 2024 crop year, which are used to determine area plan payments, including for the Supplemental and Enhanced Coverage Options (ECO and SCO). County corn and soybean yields for Illinois were mostly at or above trend levels. Exceptions included counties in southern Illinois for both crops, and some northern Illinois counties for soybeans. Payments from revenue-based ECO and SCO for 2024 corn and soybeans will be triggered in many counties in Illinois.
Crop Insurance, Premium Subsidies, and Soybean-Corn Disparity
Relative to total premium, soybeans and corn receive smaller payments from the US crop insurance program than other large acreage US field crops. A new approach is needed, specifically, new products that reduce the total insurance premium, especially for soybeans and corn. Joint soybean-corn insurance is one such product. It is estimated that joint soybean-corn insurance has the potential to increase net indemnities paid to soybeans and corn by 13% with no increase in Federal premium subsidies.

The farmdoc Crop Insurance section offers iFARM online tools including the Premium Calculator, Payment Evaluator and Price Distribution Tool. These tools are updated annually during the Spring crop insurance election period.