Has the US Crop Safety Net Become Excessive?
The US crop safety net has been a remarkably adaptive, evolutionary policy. But, 21st Century assistance is raising the question of excessive levels for barley, corn, cotton, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat, the crops that USDA ERS computes an economic cost of production. Since 2000, annual market net return on average fell 4.2%/year below economic cost of production for these nine crops, but safety net payments averaged 12.7%/year of costs, more than triple the level needed to cover losses.
SCO and ECO Choices in 2026
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act dramatically increased the premium support on Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) crop insurance policies from 65% to 80%. The Risk Management Agency of the USDA then announced in August of 2025 that premium support would also be increased to 80% for the Enhanced Coverage Option (ECO) and other similar programs. As a result, farmer-paid premiums for SCO and ECO will be reduced in 2026.
Area Add-Up Insurance Performance: Insights from Cotton STAX
Starting with crops harvested in 2026, premium subsidy for ECO and SCO area add-up insurance will be 80%. Coverage options are 90% or 95% for ECO and 90% for SCO. STAX area add-up insurance has offered 90% coverage – 80% subsidy for cotton since 2015. Ratio of indemnities net of farmer paid premiums to farmer paid premiums has been notably higher for STAX than individual farm insurance, especially when insurance price declined double digits. Performance should be similar for ECO and SCO.

The farmdoc Crop Insurance section offers iFARM online tools including the Premium Calculator, Payment Evaluator and Price Distribution Tool. These tools are updated annually during the Spring crop insurance election period.














